Harrow.



Patented Aug. 20, |9ll. Decd.

c. n. B. msHwlTz, Administrazrix.

F. NlsHwlTz,

H A R R W.

(Application fled Nov. 16, 1900.)

3 Sheets-Sheet l,

(No Model.)

No. 680,728. Patented Aug. 20, |901. F. NISHWITZ, Decd.

C. R. B. NISHWITZ, Administratrix. HARRDW.

. v (Application med Nov. 1e, 1900,) (No Model.) 3 Sheets--Sheet 2.

Patented Aug. 20, |90I.

F. NISHWITZ, Decd. c. R. B. NlsHwlTz, Administratrix.

H A R B D W.

(Application led Nov. 1 8, 1900.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 3...

(No Model.)

uw N Jaw ATTORNEYS ms vergas co. Pnurcwurno, wAsHwamN. u. c.

- trated divided midway of its length Vand in ilnrrnn rares artnr einen.

CORNEIJIAl R. B. NISHW'ITZ, OF MILLINGTON, NEIV JERSEY, ADMINIS- TRATRIXOF FREDERICK NISHWI-TZ, DEOEASED.

HARROW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 680,728, dated August20, 1901.

Application filed November 16, 1900. Serial No. 36,764. Ello model.)

T0 all whom, t may concern:

Be it known that FREDERICK NIsHwrrz, deceased, late of Millington, inthe county of Morris, State of New Jersey, of whose estate l, OORNELIAR. B. Nrsriwrrz, of Millington aforesaid, am the sole administratriX,was in his lifetime the inventor of certain new and useful Improvementsin Harrows, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that general class of machines well known tothe trade as Acme Harrows and upon which various Letters Patent of theUnited States have heretofore been issued to the said FrederickNishwitz, deceased-for instance, No. 262,820, dated August l5, 1882, andNo. 527,875, dated October 23, 1894-.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a machine in which thetransverse gang of cutters or barrow-teeth shall be jointed or flexible,so as to conform to the surface which it traverses, and in which eachtooth will be braced against strains and held to its work.

With these general objects in view the machine herein described has beendevised.

The subject-matter claimed is hereinafter specifically pointed out.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a plan view; Fig. 2, a frontelevation with the draft devices removed; Fig. 3, a detached view inperspective showing the gang-bars and related parts. Fig. 4 is a sideelevation; Fig. 5, a detailed section on the line 5 5 of Fig. l, on anenlarged scale, omitting' the barrow-teeth; Fig. 6, a similar section onthe line 6 6 of Fig. l on an enlarged scale; Fig. '7, a detailed viewshowing a different style of barrow-tooth.

The main gang-bar, which may be of tubular iron, is in the constructionhere illusthe center line of the machine-that is, there are two suchbars A A, arranged in line. The barrow-teeth B, which are of the sameshape and construction as those shown in the prior patent, No. 527,875,above mentioned, are curled or turned at their front iiat ends topartially embrace the bar A and are secured by a headed bolt Z2, passingthrough the bar and tooth and having a nut b' applied to its end.

In the rear of each gang-bar A there is a second bar C, which may be oftubular iron and of substantially the same length as the correspondinggang-bar. It is rigidly con nected with the bar A, perferably at twopoints adjacent, respectively, to the outer tooth and inner tooth of thegang or series of teeth mounted on the bar A, in the following mannerand as shown more clearly in Fig. 5. A metal plate D, bent at its frontend to embrace the front face of the bar` A, extends rearwardly underthe bar O and is formed with an aperture, through which passes a headedbolt c, also passing through apertures in the bar O and having a nut clapplied to its threaded end. This bolt also passes through an eye d,located between the bar O and the upper face of the plate D and formingpart of the tie-rod d', whose threaded end passes through apertures inthe gang-bar A and through an aperture in the front curved end of thebar D and has nuts d2 cl2 applied to it, respectively, at its front endand in rear of the bar A. Two such couplings (indicated by the letters DD in Fig. l) serve to rigidly connect the bars A and O, and the relationof the bar C and the teeth B is such that the bar bears upon the upperedges b2 of the substantially vertical parts of the teeth. The teeth aretherefore held down to their work and braced against strains, while atthe same time they are held in line and caused to penetrate the soilequally. The remainingspaces between the teeth are occupied byclod-crushing spurs or plates E, whose front ends are curved to embracethe bar A, and are attached thereto by bolts .c in substantially thesame manner as the teeth are secured and whose opposite dat endsprojectrearwardly. They are shown as lying in the same plane with thefront fiat portions of the teeth. Of course they might projectrearwardly at an angle different from that of the flat parts of theteeth. NVhen the harrow is rocked or the bars thereof vibrated, ashereinafter described, to throw the teeth upwardly out of workingcontact with the soil, these plates or spursEand the IOO fiat parts ofthe teeth support the harrow for transportation. When the harrow is inoperation, the spurs E act as clod-crushers. The front end of thecentrally-disposed plate or spur E on each gang-bar A is carriedupwardly, as indicated at c, Figs. l and 4, and is apertured to receivethe hooked end of a bolt F, which extends upwardly and rearwardly andwhose threaded end extends through the Hat contiguous faces of twoplates G H, which incline rearwardly and are curved at their ends toembrace the upper and lower faces, respectively, of the tubular ironseatcarrying bar I. Nutsf f, applied, respectively, to the rod or bolt Fon opposite sides of the plates G H, rmly clamp these plates togetherand attach the rod to-them, Figs. 2, il, and 6. A bolt K passes upwardlythrough the plate H, the seat-carrying beam I, and the plate G and has anut'Zr. applied to its upper threaded end, while an enlargement or boss7c' on the bolt bears against the under face of the plate H. In this Waythe plates G H and the seat-carrying beamIare securely clamped together.Integral with the bolt K below the boss Zc is an eye 7c, interlocking orinterconnected with an eye Z on a bolt L, passing through the rear orsecondary gang-bar Gand having a nut Z applied to its lower threadedend. As will be hereinafter more apparent, it is obvious that the bars AC and the associated gang of cutters and clod-crushers on one side ofthe machine may flex vertically on the hinge connection k2 Zto conformto the contour of the surface traversed, as shown by the dotted lines inFig. 2, and also that the weight of the seat-carrying beam I andsuperposed parts is transmitted to the beams C U and serves to force thecutters into the soil.

The seat-standard M, which may be of angleiron, has pivotally connectedwith it by a bolt m (in a vertical plane somewhat in rear of thevertical plane of the front face of the gang-bar A or in other suitablerelation to the gang-bar) two outwardly-curved rockershaped arms or legsm', apertured at m2 m3 to receive the hooked ends of bolts m4, passingthrough the barI and having nuts m5 applied to their lower ends. InFigs. 1, 2, and et the hooks are shown as engaging the apertures m2. Alever N, rigidly connected with the bar I by a bolt n, extends forwardadjacent to the edge of the seat-standard and has a tooth or latch n,adapted to engage in either one of the series of notches n2 formed inthe edge of the seat-standard. A shoe O, of angleiron, is attached tothe lower end Aof the seat-standard below the draft frame or devices andserves to support the front part of the machine in turning and when thedraft of the team is slackened. Alike shoe, performing a like function,is shown in the prior patent, No. 527,875. Above this shoe a transversebar P, with upturned or right-angular ends p, is bolted to theseat-standard, (the connection of the shoe and of the bar P beingappropriately made, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 4, or otherwise.) Theends p of the transverse bar are respectively about in line with thebolts that secure theinner teeth of the two gangs with their bars A.These bolts are somewhat dierent from those already described in thatthey have an eye o* at their outer ends,while the nutb is applied totheir threaded ends in rear of the gang-bar. A draft-link Q, having ahooked end engaging the eye b4, has at its forward end an eye which isattached to the end p of the crossbar P by a bolt q. Another draft-barQ', having an eye held by the same bolt q, extends rearwardly andoutwardly, and a hook upon its rear end engages an eye h5 in the outerend of the bolt that secures to the bar A the central spur orclod-crusher E, having the upwardly-extending end e,with which thehooked bolt F engages. The same bolts q q also pass through and secureeyes in the ends of two draft-links R R, extending forward and connectedat their forward convergent ends by a bolt r, which passes through themand also through an eye in the forward end of another draft-link S,which is bent to form a loop S for the attachment of thewhiffletree-hook or other draft device, and then extends rearwardly tothe seat-standard M, to which it is attached by a bolt s.

A machine organized as above set forth possesses a desired flexibility.The cutters are braced and held to their work by the Weight ofthedriver. By the manipulation of the lever N the bar I may be rocked andthe inclination of the teeth,and consequently their depth of cut,may beregulated. In the transverse rocking or flexing of the gangs of cuttersthey turn upon the eye connection 7oz Z and also upon the connection ofthe bolt or hooked rod F with the end e' of the central spur orclod-crusher E, these two points of pivotal connection being in the sameline. The adjustments of the machine are accomplished by the rocking ofthe seat-carrying bar I b v means of the hand-lever N. The hingeconnection between the seat-bars m and the beam I and the hingeconnection between these arms and the seat standard and the flexing ofthe draft-rods permit the various readjustments of relationship when theharrow is set in different operative positions by the manipulation ofthe lever N.

Under some conditions it may be desirable to hold the gangs of cuttersrigidly, and to this end there are provided, Figs. l and 3, braces orstraps T, connected with the bars C and capable when desired of beingturned upon their bolt connections t with said bars into a verticalposition and secured to the bar I by bolts t'.

The machine as herein described and illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings has been marketed to a considerable extent, and theconstruction is therefore believed to be a practical and efcient one.Changes, however, may be made by those skilled in the art IOO IIO

without departing from the principles of the invention and withoutproducing a machine having a different behavior or mode of operation.

In Fig. 7 an arched or spring harrow-tooth has been illustrated, and itis apparent that such teeth may be used in the machine described in lieuof the trailing teeth illustrated in the other figures.

The bars G have the dualfunction of holding down and bracing the teethand also serving as the connecting means through which the gangs ofteeth are rocked or adj usted. An organization involving the performanceof either function would be considered as within the scope of thisinvention.

That is claimed as new, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is

1. In a harrow,the combination of the gangbar, rearwardly projectingteeth secured thereto, a bar arranged in rear of the gangbar and rigidlyconnected thereto, a rocking bar arranged above said rear bar, hingeconnections respectively between the rocking bar and the gang-bar andsaid rear bar, and a lever for rocking the rocking bar, to therebyadjust the relation of the parts and change the angular relation of theteeth to the soil.

2. In a harrow, the combination of the gangbar, rearwardly-projectingteeth attached thereto, a second bar arranged in rear of the gang-barand rigidly connected therewith, a third and rocking bar iiexiblyconnected respectively with the gang-bar and the rear bar rigidlyconnected with the gang-bar, a seat-standard supported upon the rockingbar by pivotally-connected supports, and a hand-lever connected with therocking bar.

3. In a harrow,the combination of two gan gbars arranged in linerespectively on opposite sides of the central draft-line of the machine,rearwardly-projecting teeth secured to the gangbars, a bar in rear ofand connected to each gang-bar, a bar arranged in rear of the gang-barsand disposed across the central draft-line, and hinge connectionsconnecting said bar and the respective gangbars at or about midway ofthe length of the latter, whereby the gan g-bars and the gangs of teethcarried thereby may rock transversely to the line of draft.

4. Inaharrow,the combination of two gangbars arranged in linerespectively on opposite sides of the central draft-line of the machine,rearwardly-projecting teeth secured to the gang-bars, a bar in rear ofand connected to each gang-bar, a bar arranged in rear of the gang-barsand disposed across the central draft-line, hinge connections connectingsaid bar and the respective gang-bars at or about midway of the lengthof the latter, whereby the gangbars and the gangs of teeth carriedthereby may rock transversely, and means for rocking said rear bar tovary the angular relation of the teeth to the soil.

5. In aharrow,the combination of two gangbars arranged in line onopposite sides of the central draft-line of the machine, rearwardlyjprojecting teeth secured thereto, a bar arranged over the teeth in rearof each gangbar and rigidly attached to said gang-bar, a bararrangedabove the respective gangbars and the bars rigidly connected therewith,and hinge connections between said bar and the respective gang-bars andbars rigidly connected thereto.

(l. In a harrow the combination of two gangbars arranged in line onopposite sides of the central draft-line of the machine, a bar arrangedin rear of each gang-bar and rigidly connected thereto, a rocking bararranged across the central draft-line, hinge connections between itsopposite ends and the gangbar and its rigidlyconnected bar, and a leverfor rocking therocking bar to change the angular relation of the teethto the soil.

7. In a harrow,the combination of two gangbars arranged in line onopposite sides of the central draft-line of the machine, a bar arrangedin rear of each gang-bar and rigidly connected thereto, a rocking bararranged across the central draft-line, hinge connections between itsopposite ends and the gangbar and its rigidly-connected bar, a lever forrocking the rocking bar to change the angular relation of the teeth tothe soil, a seat-standard and pivotallyconnected supports connecting theseat-standard and the rocking bar.

S. In a harrow the combination of the gangbars A A arranged in line onopposite sides of the central draftline of the machine, rearwardly-projecting teeth secured thereto, a bar C lying above the teethin rear of each gang-bar and rigidly connected to the gangbar, therocking bar I, hinge connections between its ends and the bars A C uponwhich said bars may rock transversely to the line of draft, means forrocking the bar I to vary the angular relation of the teeth to the soil,and means whereby at will the bars A C may be held from rockingtransversely on said hinge connections.

9. In a harrow the combination of the gangbars A, the bars O rigidlyconnected therewith, the rocking bar I and means for rocking it, hingeconnections between the ends of the bar I and the bars A C at or abouttheir middles, an inclined seat-standard supported at or near its rearupper end on the bar I and having draft devices connected with itsforward lower end, straight draft-links connecting the inner ends of thetwo bars Awith the draft devices and oblique draft-links connected withthe bars A at or about in line with their hinge connections and with thedraft devices at their forward ends.

l0. In a harrow the combination of a liarrow-frame comprising transverseframe-bars C, C, two gang-bars rocking transversely to the line of draftand arranged in line on op* posite sides of the central draft-line, aninclined seat-standard having draft devices connected with its forwardlower end and sup- IOO IIO

IZO

ported at its rear upper end upon the harrowframe, draft-linksconnecting the inner ends of the gang-bars With said draft devices andobliquely arranged draft links extending from said draft devices andconnected with the transversely-rockin g gang-bars at or about theirmiddle.

11. In a harrow the combination ofthe gang bars A, therearwardly-projecting teeth secured thereto, the intermediateclod-crushers also secured thereto, the bars C arranged in rear of thegang-bars above the teeth and rigidly connected to the gang-bars, thebar I arranged above the bars C, the plates Gr H embracing the bar I,the eyebolt K passing 15 through said plates and bar, the eyebolts Lpassing through the bars C, the rod secured to the ends of theprojecting plates G H at one end and at its opposite end engaging aplate bolted to the gang-bar A.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed iny name.

CORNELIA R. B. NISHWITZ, Admmstratr of the estate of Frederick Nshwz'z,deceased. Witnesses:

DORETTA C. NISHWITZ, FRED I). BAKER.

